How do I know if my dog or cat has arthritis?

Common signs in dogs include stiffness after rest (especially in the morning), hesitation before jumping, limping, and reduced enthusiasm for walks. Cats hide pain more effectively — watch for reduced jumping height, reluctance to use a litter box with high sides, less grooming of the hindquarters, and increased hiding. A vet diagnosis with X-rays is needed to confirm.

What supplements help with joint health in senior pets?

Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA from fish oil) have the strongest evidence for reducing joint inflammation in pets. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate have modest evidence for mild arthritis. Green-lipped mussel extract is another option with some supporting research. Always consult your vet before starting supplements, especially for pets already on medication.

Is arthritis in cats as common as in dogs?

Yes — studies show that approximately 90% of cats over age 12 have arthritic changes visible on X-ray. However, because cats are stoic about pain, arthritis is significantly underdiagnosed compared to dogs. Reduced jumping, changes in litter box use, and less grooming are key signs to watch for in older cats.

Can I give my dog human pain medication for joint pain?

No. Human NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen are toxic to dogs and can cause fatal gastrointestinal bleeding or kidney failure even in small doses. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is toxic to both dogs and cats. Only use veterinary-prescribed pain medications. Safe options include carprofen, meloxicam, and gabapentin — all requiring a veterinary prescription.

What home changes help arthritic pets move more comfortably?

The most impactful changes are: placing non-slip rugs on tile and hardwood floors (slippery surfaces are painful and scary), providing orthopedic foam beds on the floor level, installing ramps or steps at the car and on furniture, and raising food and water bowls slightly for dogs with neck arthritis. Maintaining a healthy weight is also critical — every extra pound significantly increases joint stress.

Joint Health

Joint Health for Senior Pets

Arthritis and joint disease affect the majority of older pets — but with the right care, you can keep them comfortable and moving well for years longer.

How Common Is Joint Disease in Pets?

~65%

of dogs over age 7 have some degree of arthritis

~90%

of cats over age 12 show arthritic changes on X-ray

Despite how common it is, joint disease is frequently missed — especially in cats, who hide pain instinctively. Understanding the signs can help you catch it early. If you notice any of these changes, our guide on when to take your pet to the vet can help you triage urgency.

Signs of Joint Pain: Dogs vs Cats

Dogs

Limping or favoring a leg
Stiffness after rest, especially in the morning
Difficulty rising from lying down
Reluctance to climb stairs, jump into car
Slowing down on walks
Licking or chewing at a joint
Muscle loss over the hindquarters

Cats

Jumping less often or to lower heights
Difficulty using a high-sided litter box
Reduced grooming (especially hindquarters)
Spending more time on the floor
Grumpiness or reacting to being touched
Changes in gait — stiffer, shorter steps
Less interest in play

What You Can Do at Home

Comfortable Resting Surfaces

Orthopedic or memory foam beds reduce pressure on joints. Place beds on the floor or provide low ramps so pets do not need to jump. Consider heated beds for pets in cold climates — warmth eases joint stiffness. These modifications are a core part of any senior dog care routine.

Non-Slip Flooring

Slippery floors are painful and discouraging for arthritic pets. Yoga mats, area rugs, or carpet runners in high-traffic areas make a significant difference — especially for dogs getting up and down.

Appropriate Exercise

Regular, gentle movement maintains muscle mass and joint mobility. Short, frequent walks are better than occasional long ones. For cats, low-intensity interactive play using wand toys helps keep joints moving without overexertion. Our pet exercise by age guide provides specific activity recommendations tailored to each life stage.

Weight Management

Every extra pound adds stress to joints. Even modest weight loss (10–15% of body weight) can produce dramatic improvements in mobility and comfort. Consult your vet for a safe weight-loss plan if needed.

Veterinary Treatment Options

A vet diagnosis is important — pain management options have expanded significantly in recent years:

NSAIDs: Anti-inflammatory medications (carprofen, meloxicam) are effective and commonly prescribed. Require regular bloodwork to monitor kidney/liver health.

Gabapentin: Addresses nerve-related pain. Often used alongside NSAIDs.

Monoclonal antibodies (cats/dogs): Newer class of monthly injections targeting pain signaling. Very effective with minimal side effects.

Joint supplements: Glucosamine and chondroitin have modest evidence for mild cases. Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) have better anti-inflammatory evidence.

Physical therapy: Hydrotherapy (underwater treadmill) and massage can be highly effective for dogs.

Acupuncture: Evidence-based option for pain management, available at many veterinary clinics.

Check your pet's age and health milestones with our free calculators.

See All Tools →

When to See the Vet Senior Dog Care Guide Senior Cat Care Guide